Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, who gave concrete form to the idea of Swarajya, was born at Shivneri Fort. His personality was shaped by the guidance of his father, Shahaji Maharaj, and the values imparted by his mother, Rajmata Jijabai. Recognising the strategic importance of forts such as Torna, Rajgad, Pratapgad, Sinhagad and Raigad, he established a strong fortification system, captured enemy-held forts, built new ones and expanded Swarajya with his associates.

Making effective use of the Sahyadri terrain, he employed guerrilla warfare in his conflicts with the Adilshahi and Mughal powers. The defeat of Afzal Khan, the attack on Shaista Khan, the Surat campaign and his escape from Agra were notable examples of his military strategy. Recognizing the importance of maritime security, he established a naval force. He organized the administration through the Ashtapradhan Mandal, or Council of Eight Ministers. He improved the revenue system through land measurement, giving priority to farmers' interests. Respect for women, the protection of his subjects and the safeguarding of places of worship of different faiths were also important aspects of his governance. His coronation at Raigad on 6 June 1674 marked the formal establishment of Swarajya as a sovereign kingdom.

By giving importance to public welfare, justice and discipline, Shivaji Maharaj established a model of independent state administration. The concern for the welfare of his subjects expressed in his royal seal reflects his vision of governance. Through Swarajya, he brought together state-building, administration, defence and public welfare. His contribution to state-building, people-centred administration and effective leadership remains unparalleled in Indian history.